Translating device for recording machines



A. B. CROWELL TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 13, 1947 May 27, 1952 16 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL RNEY May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 13, 1947 R O T N E V m ARNOLD B CROWELL BYJ 6 AT RNE y 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES v Filed Aug. 13, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL BY E g ATTEERNEY May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,593,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 15, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 ovQmQ J mfiam I Q 03.3 E k 7 own Nm \OVJ 7, m I l lllllllhllrl Il\ 02m M m z w 33 5.5.1.}?! 95 20 90:52 m. 02:25 MN o8 n sm E 905 85 N\ i 08 3w 7 Z Z l .l 9. E Z Z z I I I or. Z Z l o... wwww wwwwmmww wm mwmww w May 27, 1952 Filed Aug. 15. 1947 INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL J May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 13, 1947 l6 Sheets-Sheet 6 60PRINTING COLUMNS ON CARD INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL BY ATT NEY May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,593,511

- TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 13. 19.47 16Sheets-Sheet 7 I v fl 'ARNOL B C WELL FIG- 9- W May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHl NEs Filed Aug. 15, 1947 1 6 Sheets-Sheet 8 FIG. 1C).

INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL A NEY May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 13. 1947 l6 Sheets-Sheet 9 26L EL Q m m N m RN 8 N m8 8N 0 RN 0mm RN 0R wR 0% o 89 7 3N, QN I fi s-BI I I I I I HI 8- INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CRQWELL BYJ A'IT NEY ir'" y 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,593,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 15. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 INVENTOR I ARNOLD B. CROWELL May 27, 1952 A. B. CROWELL TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug.. 13, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet ll INVENTOR ARNOLD B. CROWELL y 2. 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 15. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 13 PERMUTATION BAK 1 2 3 4 HOLES SET Pl NS IIHIIIIIIIIHIIH KHIIIII I I HHHHIIllIHHHIHHIHHIIIH]HIIHHIHH llllllllllmllllllllllil I IIIHII|||IIIIHHIIIIIIHHIHHIHIHIHIHIIIIHH TH] IHIIIHIHIHHHIHHIHHIIHIHHIIHIIIIIHH E IHIIIHHIHIH HI IIIIIIIIIIIIHII ARNOLD B. CROWELL P614, 8Y I,

ATT RN May 27, 1952 A. a. CROWELL,

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES ARNOLD B. CROWELL y 1952 A. B. CROWELL 2,598,511

TRANSLATING DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Filed Aug. 13. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet l6 QR 4d L-R1 :lZ'J L Clfi M|0O R4 RIF CB6 B 55 F R25b R2511 R243 R24 -fi GANG PRINT CONTROL SW. 1

READ CONTROL SWITCH INVENTOR fl 5- 26 b- $122k;

Patented May 27, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE TRANSLATIN G DEVICE FOR RECORDING MACHINES Application August 13, 1947, Serial No. 768,373

12 Claims.

This invention relates to a multiple-column automatic recording machine and its principal object is to provide a more efiicient machine of this type.

A particular object of the invention is to provide a multiple-column printing mechanism which prints with close spacing of the characters.

Another object is to provide a multiplecolumn printing mechanism which can be set up automatically to print the same data repeatedly, until the set up is changed under signal control.

Still another object is to provide a multiplecolumn printer having an improved electrical arrangement for suppressing the printing of zeros in certain columns, depending upon the position of the first significant digit of a number.

In accordance with another feature of the invention the machine can be made to print asterisks in place of zeros to the left of the first significant digit of a number, or to extend the printing of asterisks still further to the left, for any desired number of columns.

Another object is to provide a record-controlled multiple column printing mechanism with improved means to suppress printing on certain cycles, under control of the record.

Still another object is to provide a recordcontrolled multiple-column printing mechanism with means to store data from a record in set up means which control repeated printing of the same data on successive records, until a record appears which signals the discharge of the first data and the storing of new data.

A preferred form of the invention is an improvement upon the type of printing mechanism shown in Paris Patent No. 2,398,036 and it is an object of the invention to provide a printing mechanism of this type having an improved pin set-up mechanism for controlling the printing, one which provides for closer printing of characters, is of simpler and stronger construction, and affords longer wear.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved interpreter; that is, a machine which is controlled by code records to print or interpret on the records themselves the information stored in code in the records.

One of the features ofthe interpreter is an improved line selecting mechanism, whereby the interpretation can be printed on any one of a number of different lines. Another is an improved card feeding means providing greater flexibility of control than has been available heretofore ininterpreters.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an interpreter embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the card feed unit, looking in the opposite direction to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a detail view of a part of the line adjusting mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one part of the printing drum operating mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of another part of the printing drum operating mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a portion of the card feed unit, showing the printing drum end.

Fig. 7 is a timing chart of the printing drum.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the printing unit.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the printing unit, looking in the direction opposite to Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section substantially on the line 10-40 of Fig. 8.

Figs. 11 and 12 are detail views of the hammer hook bail mechanism, in two difierent positions.

Fig. 13 is a vertical section substantially on the line l3-l3 of Fig. 8, with parts omitted.

Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are diagrammatic views showing the hammer firing operation.

Fig. 17 is a vertical section of a portion of the printing unit, in substantially the same plane as Fig. 10, but showing the pin set up mechanism.

Fig. 18 is a section on the line I8--l8 of Fig. 1'7.

Fig. 19 is a detail view of a portion of the mechanism showing in Fig. 17, but at a diiTerent time in the cycle.

Fig. 20 is a portion of a tabulating card illustrating the punching and interpretation.

Fig. 21 is a detail view of the interposer frame of the pin set up mechanism and its operating means.

Fig. 22 is a detail view of a portion of the vertically moving interposer frame supporting means.

Fig. 23 is a detail view of the set pin restoring means.

Fig. 24 is a diagram of the permutation bar and set pins.

Fig. 25 is an electrical and mechanical timing chart of the machine.

Fig. 26a and b constitute wiring diagrams.

The invention is applicable to various kinds of automatic recording machines, one of which 3 is the tabulating machine such as shown in Paris Patent No. 2,398,036, but I have chosen for illustration of the invention an interpreter, because of some features concerned particularly with interpreters.

Fig. 1 of the drawing shows the general arrangement of an interpreter embodying the principles of the invention. It comprises a card feed unit A at the right or front end of the machine and a printing unit B at the left or rear end. The functions of the card feed unit are to feed cards one at a time to a control station, where their control designations are analyzed; then to a reading station, where the data stored in them is read; then to a printing station, where the data is interpreted on the cards by the printing unit; and then to a stacker. The function of the printing unit is to store the data read from the cards and to print the data on the cards as they are presented in succession at the printing station.

The cards for which the illustrative machine is designed are the standard 80 column International tabulating cards, one of which is partially shown in Fig. 20. These cards are divided into 80 vertical columns (see the smallcolumn numbers at the bottom of the card), in which data is stored by punching holes in one or more of 12 horizontal rows or index point positions. These index point positions are identified, beginning with the top, as R, X, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The card shown in Fig. 28 has stored in it, by perforations in columns 1 to 22, John Smith 115 Elm Sv Fig. 24 shows the perforation code under the heading Holes. Fig. 20 shows the card after this information stored by means of punched holes has been interpreted by the machine disclosed in the drawing. In this case the. line of interpretation is the line just below the uppermost, or R, index point position. As will be seen later, the interpretation may be placed in any index point position except the 9. position, or on a line just above any one of the index point positions. The character spacing of the interpretation is somewhat wider than the column spacing of the punched record.

The card feed unit A stack of cards H] is placed in a hopper H at the right end of the machine shown in Fig. l,

face down and with the 9 row forward, that is to the left in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the card feed mechanism in vertical section as seen from the opposite side from Fig. 1. At the bottom of the card hopper is a picker mechanism, which comprises a reciprocating member l2 provided with a knife I3 projecting above the top surface of the member I2 for slightly less than the thickness of one card. The picker mechanism is reciprocated by rocker arms [4 fixed to a rock shaft i5, which has fixed at its remote end in Fig. 2 a rocking lever l6 urged in one direction by a spring I! and moved counterclockwise once each machine cycle by a vertically travelling pitman l8 articulated to its left end. The slide has a cam follower roller [9 bearing upon a cam 20 fixed to. the end of the main card feed shaft 2 i. This shaft is driven by a bevel gear 22 meshing with a bevel gear 23 fixed to a gear 2 1 meshing with a gear 25. The latter gear is rotatably mounted on a shaft 26 and has fixed to its hub a clutch arm 21 on the end of which is pivoted a clutch dog 28'. An outwardly directed tail 29 of the dog 28 and, a tip of the clutch arm 2'! directly behind it are normally latched by a hook 36 controlled by the card feed clutch magnet CFCM. When this magnet is energized the hook releases the clutch dog and the clutch arm and the dog is pulled by a spring 3| into engagement with a notched disc 32 fixed to a gear 33. The gear 33 is driven through gears 34, 35, and 35, by a gear 3'! on a shaft 38. The shaft 38 has keyed to it a pulley 39 driven through a belt 39 by a motor, not shown in Fig. l. The clutch arm 2? will make one revolution and will then be latched up, by the hook if the card feed clutch magnet has not been energized again. One revolution of the clutch arm causes one cycle of operation of the card feed unit.

Once in each cycle the picker knife i3 moves back to take hold of the rear edge of the lowest card in the stack and is then moved forward by the spring H to feed the card out of the bottom of the hopper into a pair of feed rolls 60, 4!. There are three other sets of feed rolls in the card feed unit d2, d3; 44, I15; '46, 41. The feed rolls 39, M and 44, are purely conveying rolls, while the lower one of each pair of feed rolls 52, 43 and 48, 4'5 is called a contact roll and has an electrical function in addition to its conveying function. The feed rolls feed the card between card guides 48. The contact rolls 43 and 41 have a metallic surface on which bear brushes 5i! and 5!, through which they are electrically connected with one side of the line. On the upper side of each of the contact rolls 43 and bears a set of analyzing brushes ,52 and 53. There are 80 brushes in each set, one for each column of the card, and they are mounted in electrical isolation on insulating bars 54 and The brushes 53 are called reading brushes, because they read the data stored by the punched holes in the card and transmit it to the storage device of the printing mechanism. The brushes 52 are called control brushes, because they are concerned with controlling the operations of the machine.

The lower feed rolls 4| and 45 are driven from the shaft 2| by pairs of bevel gears 56- and drive the contact rolls Z3- and 47 through gears 51'.

The printing drum From the feed rolls 46, t! the cards pass through the last card guides 48 to the printing drum 6%. The printing drum comprises two independently operable platen members 61' and G2. The platen member 61 is shown in the position it assumes for holding the card at the printing station, opposite a row of type members 53', while the platen member 62 is shown in card receiving position. When the card held by platen member 8| has been printed upon, this platen member'advances' counterclockwise to the position in which platen 62' is shown. in. Fig. 2, leaving its card in a stacker 66 in. passing. At the same time, the platen member 62: advances from the card receiving position to theprinting. station. In the next machine cycle a card held by platen member 62 will be printed upon and then conveyed to the stacker 6'4, while the: platen member 61 will receive the fol-lowing card from the feed rolls 46', 41.

The two platen members are generally similar in construction, but have slight diii'erences' due to the fact that one is nested inside the other. Fig. 4 shows the. platen member 62 and its actuating mechanism alone, in card receiving position, while Fig; 5' shows the platen member BI and its actuating mechanism alone, in card printing position. Referring first to Fig. 4, the platen member comprises a cylindrical platen 66 which is supported by two side arms '61 and 68 on the shaft 65 (see also Fig. 6). The hubs of these side arms are fixed to the shaft by set screws 69. At the front edge of the platen 66 is a card clamp comprising a shaft 10 and clamp fingers 12. The shaft 10 is rockably mounted in flanges 13 of the platen and can rock sufliciently to withdraw the clamp fingers 12 from the platen surface to accept a card. Each one of the clamp fingers has associated with it a spring 14, one end of which is hooked over a pin 15 on the hub of the clamp finger, while the other is anchored on a shaft 16 which extends for the length of the platen member. These springs normally hold the card clamp shut. The shaft 10 has fixed to it a lug 1 which coacts with a stationary cam 18. This cam 18 has a hump 19 which rocks the clamp open at the card receiving station and another hump 90 which rocks it open as the card is delivered to the stacker. At all other times the clamp is closed. Two clips 8| serve as card stops when the platen member is in card receiving position. A lug 82 with a V-notch 83 coacts with a spring detent 84 to hold the platen member in card receiving position.

The shaft 65 has pinned to it a hub 85 (Fig. 6) with a single-notched clutch flange 86. Beside the flange 86 is a hub 81 revolvably mounted on the shaft 65 and held in place by a spacer 88.

, The hub 81 has a clutch arm 89 on which is pivotally mounted a clutch dog 90 cooperating with the clutch fiange 8'6 and pressed thereagainst by a spring 9I. The hub also has a set of gear teeth 92 meshing with the teeth of a large sector 93 revolvably mounted on a shaft 94. The large sector is connected by a spring 95 hooked over its pin 96 to a pin 91 on a driving arm I 00 rotatably mounted on shaft 94. The pin 91 extends through an opening IOI in sector 93. The large sector 93 also has a bearing stud I02 projecting through a slot I03 in driving arm I00, on which is revolvably mounted a cam I05. Against this cam bears a roller I06 mounted on a stud I01 on the driving arm I00. The large sector 93 and the driving arm I00 normally have the relative position shown in Fig. 4, but by rotating the cam I05 the large sector can be made to move to the right in relation to the driving arm. The hub of the cam I05 has a set of gear teeth I08 mesh- I ing with teeeth I09 of a small sector IIO also revolvably mounted on shaft 94. The small sector has an arm II5 secured to it by screws H6 and carrying a roller H1 at its upper end which rests against a stop H8 at the particular time in the machine cycle illustrated in Fig. 4. The small sector is urged toward the right, in relation to the driving arm, by a spring II9 hooked over its pin I20 and a pin I2I on the driving arm I00. In order to move to the right the sector I I0 would have to rotate the gear I08, because the supporting stud I02 of this gear is fixed to the large sector 93, which has a definite relation to the driving arm I00 established by the spring 95 and cam I05. The spring 95 is strong enough to prevent rotation of gear I08 by spring H9. The driving arm I00 has revolvably mounted on it a roller I24 riding on a cam I25. An extension I26 of the driving arm I00 carries a roller I21 bearing upon a complementary cam I28. Both of these cams are pinned to a shaft I30. A gear I3I (Fig. 5) is also pinned at its hub to the shaft I30 and meshes with a gear I32 on the shaft I33 of the lower feed roll 45. The ratio of the gears I3I and I32, is such that the cam shaft I30 turns one revolution in two machine cycles.

In operative relation to the roller H1 is a cam I35 pinned to a shaft I36. This shaft has secured to it a gear I31 (Fig. 3) meshing with a gear I38 fixed to a shaft I39. The shaft I39 has a hand knob I40 bearing graduations, which move in relation to an index mark I4I to indicate the line of the card on which the interpretation will be printed. The movement of the cam I35 is limited by an arm I42 on gear I31, in the path of which are two stops I43. The maner in which the printing line is determined by this mechanism will be described presently.

The alternate platen mechanism 6I differs from the one first described in a number of respects, which will now be pointed out, with reference to Figs. 2, 5, and 6. A cylindrical platen 66 has two supporting arms 61 and 68' by which it is mounted on the shaft 65, these arms lying outside of the arms 81 and 68 of the platen member 62 and being revolvably mounted on the shaft 65. The card clamp 10', 12, 14', 15, 11, is substantially identical to that of the platen mechanism 62, the operating lug 11 being controlled by the same stationary cam 18. The arm 61' has fixed to it a flange I on a tube I46 revolvably mounted on shaft 65, which extends out to a terminal single-notch clutch flange 86. Revolvably mounted on the shaft beside the clutch flange 86' is a hub 81' having a clutch arm 89 pivotally supporting a spring operated clutch dog 90. On the hub 81' is a gear 92' meshing with a large sector 93. The operating mechanism for this platen member is the same as the one first described and is identified in the drawing by similar reference numerals with prime marks. The only difference is that the main driving cam I25 and complementary cam I28 are anguiarly displaced, in relation to the corresponding cams I25 and I28 by The line adjusting cam I35 is mounted on shaft I36 at the same angle as cam I35.

The operation of the printing drum will now be described, by referring to the platen member 62 and its operating mechanism, which are shown in Fig. 4 at 321.75 machine time, and to the card feed timing chart, Fig. 7. The cam follower I24 is at the low part of the cam I25 at this time. The platen member stands in card receiving position and the card clamp is open. The lug 11 is just on the edge of the hump 19 of cam 18, so that the slightest forward movement of the platen member will cause it to drop off the stationary cam and clamp the bottom edge of the card. The platen member 62 is detented in card receiving position by detent spring 84 engaging a notch 33. The knob I40 is set to print on the lowest printing line, midway between the 8 and 9 index point positions.

When the cam I25 turns counterclockwise the driving arm I00 swings to the right. The roller I 06 pushing against the cam I 05 moves the large sector 93 to the right and rotates the platen member 62 in counterclockwise direction. The card clamp engages the card as soon as this movement begins as the cam I25 turns to 72 of the machine cycle, the card is conveyed up to the printing station (see curve I50, Fig. '1), where it is held bottom edge up, with the lowest printing line in position opposite the line of type 63. The small sector IIO follows the movement of the driving arm I00 and large sector 93, the roller II1 striking the surface of cam I35 just at 72. During the next part of the machine cycle, until 308.56,

there is no further movement of the platen menber 62, while the cam follower is travelling on the concentric po'r'tiei'r of the cam i1 5. The printing takes place during this time, the type being positioned upside down, because of the inverted p'o' sition of the card. The operation so far described occupies almost one machine cycle. v

Further rotation of the cam I swings the driving arm H and large sector 93 further to the right and drives the platen member 62 on in counterclockwise direction from the printing station. The platen member passesthrough the highest point of its revolution at 334163, stacks the card at 57 .2 7 and arrives at the card receiv mg station at 185.04 the roii 'w r mi rolling over the highest point or cam :25 at this time. The platen member is latched up by the detcnt g-l and the dog 99' idles back over the clutch disc 85. dropping into the notch oif the use a ain after completing a clockwise revolution. I

Part of the momenof the platen member t: after 3fi'8.56 is due to the action of the cam I55. As soon as the furthei" motion of the large se'c tar 93 seems the care I 3'5 begins to revolve clockwise, because the arm H5 is stopped by the line Setting Cam Hi5 and the Shaft of the gear I83 goes to the right the gear-tons on the small sector H 6, turning cam I55. This drives the shaft m2 of the darn H away ffdrri the cfl er of roller I55 and has the effect of making the large sector s3 move forward more rapidly than theunvi'n'g arm i't'il. The accelerated movement of the large sector ends when the roller 95 moves (into the high concentric part of the cam 105i from then en the large sector and the driving ar'rri move at the same rate. In the diagram, Fig. 7, the vertical distance represents circumferential travel of the platen memher, the direction being reversed at 33453", the highest-pcint m the path of the platen member:

Adjusting" me" wanting line If the cam I35 is adjusted t6 the position for printing above the R ld't f, the roller H'I comes into contact early" the rightward movement of the driving are; if]?! aficl the accelerated movement of the large sector 93 beg-ins before the cars reaches the printing statien', as shown by the curve lei. Thus the platen member advances a greater distance before the roller [24 comes onto the concentric portion of cam l'25, which occurs at the time the roller Hi5 rides onto the concentric portion of cam we. The card is held in position for printing on the line above" the R row, during the dwell in cam {25.

It will be seen that the mevement of the large sector is derived from the earns [25 and IE5 and its total movement is the same in all cases. The only thing that changes is the timing'fif the" accelerated motion caused by the cam fee, which varies in dependence upon the position cfthe line adjusting'cam I'35.- n V The movement of the platen member 8 5 from the card receiving station begins at.) 1.75, one cycle later than the movementof the" platen member 5! from the card receiving and at the time the latter platen me nber is on its way from the printing station to the stacker. The movement of the platen member H is shown by the curves 2% and 15!. These curves start ata lower level than the curve 158, to represent the fact that the platen member 62- has advanced some distance out of the printing position before the platen member 6lleaves-the card re ceiving station.

. chine there are 103' type members.

In its travel with the platen sector the card is guided by cylindrical guides I52 and I 53, which are separated at the printing position to enable the type to print upon the card; Leaving the guide I53 the card passes outside of two narrow card guides :5 and I55 and behind a displaceable stacker plate I55. which rides upon rollers l5! in grooves let of a stacker chute I59. As a card. strikes the bottom of the stacker chute it is stripped out of the platen, the card clamp 12 being released at this time bythe engagement of the lug H with the knob $3 of the stationary cam l8. As the card stack builds up in the stacker the plate let travels up the stacker chute to accommodate the growth of the stack.

Cam contacts Certain cam contacts, to be referred to later on as the CB contacts, are driven whenever the card feed in running, The cams which operate these ccntacts are shown at Hi5 and are mount ed on a shaft 18! driven through gears H52 by a gear on the shaft of the lower feed roll 4 l. The latter gear is of the same size as the gear 5'! on this shaft and for this reason cannot be seen in Fig. l. The timing of the CB contacts is shown in 25. Another cam contact, CR1, is operated by a cam ice on continuously running shaft it? of gear which rotates once each cycle.

The printing mechanism The printin meeha'nisr'n is, in general, similar to the one shown in the Paris Patent 2,398,036. The type members 53 are counted on a type carriage 2M? (Figs. 1, 8 and 9') which reciprocates on a line parallel to the aiiis of the printing dr'u'm The carriage moves the type members past a set of printing hammers 2c]. The printingmechanism shown is designed to print 50- characters on a line; accordingly, there are printing hammers. The type members are mounted on the type carriage so as to be movable transversely to the carriage to execute in dividual printing strokes. In the illustrative ma- These include two complete sets of type members and part of a third set. Each set is composed of the 26' characters or" the alphabet, the i0 digits, and seven special characters and punctuation marks. The two sets are identical in sequence and composition and the third set, as far as it goes, is identical to the other two.

The length of the stroke of the type carriage is somewhat greater than the movement required to present to any given column all of the type members of one complete set. During a printing stroke of the type carriage there will be one instarit when the type member bearing the character to'be' printed in a particular column is exactly in frorit of that column. For example, the fourth type member from the left; end of the type bar, which bears the type R, will be exactly opposite printing'column 60 of the card near the end'of the rightward stroke of the carriage. If an R is to be printed in column 60 a set up mechanism. to be described presently, will have a particular setting far column GO'repreSenting the letterR and will release the printing hammer pertaining to column 60 at the correct time to strike the type member bearing the letter R, so that the latter will strike the card exactly in column 60 The details of the type carriage are show'npar tic'ularly in Fig. 10. It comprises a base'member 2&2 and a channel snapedtype-ba'r zts'conipcse'd of a bottom'member 294' and front and rear plates 

